Week14
English Children’s literature:
1.
Hans
Christian Andersen: He is a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays,
travelogues, novels, and poems, Andersen is best remembered for his fairy
tales. Andersen's popularity is not limited to children; his stories, called
eventyr in Danish, express themes that transcend age and nationality. Andersen's
fairy tales, which have been translated into more than 125 languages, have
become culturally embedded in the West's collective consciousness, readily
accessible to children, but presenting lessons of virtue and resilience in the
face of adversity for mature readers as well.
Photograph taken by Thora
Hallager, 1869
2.
The Ugly
Duckling: It is a literary fairy tale by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen.
The story tells of a homely little bird born in a barnyard who suffers abuse
from the others around him until, much to his delight (and to the surprise of
others), he matures into a beautiful swan, the most beautiful bird of all. The
story is beloved around the world as a tale about personal transformation for
the better.
Illustration by Vilhelm
Pedersen, Andersen‘s first illustrator
3.
Mirror stage:
It is a concept in the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan. The mirror stage
is based on the belief that infants recognize themselves in a mirror (literal)
or other symbolic contraption which induces apperception (the turning of
oneself into an object that can be viewed by the child from outside themselves)
from the age of about six months.
A toddler and a mirror
4.
Re-: back,
again. E.g. respect, reflection, reward, response, recognition, etc.
5.
Self-confidence:
The concept self-confidence as commonly used is self-assurance in one's
personal judgment, ability, power, etc. One increases self-confidence from
experiences of having mastered particular activities. It is a positive belief
that in the future one can generally accomplish what one wishes to do.
6.
Self-esteem: In
sociology and psychology, self-esteem reflects a person's overall subjective
emotional evaluation of his or her own worth. It is a judgment of oneself as
well as an attitude toward the self. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about
oneself, (for example, "I am competent", "I am worthy"), as
well as emotional states, such as triumph, despair, pride, and shame. Smith and
Mackie (2007) defined it by saying "The self-concept is what we think
about the self; self-esteem, is the positive or negative evaluations of the
self, as in how we feel about it."
7.
The Snow
Queen: It is an original fairy tale written by Hans Christian Andersen. The
story centers on the struggle between good and evil as experienced by Gerda and
her friend, Kay. The story is one of Andersen's longest and most highly
acclaimed stories. It is regularly included in selected tales and collections
of his work and is frequently reprinted in illustrated storybook editions for
children.
"The Snow
Queen" illustration by Elena Ringo
8.
Frozen: It is
a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt
Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 53rd
Disney animated feature film. Inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale
"The Snow Queen", the film tells the story of a fearless princess who
sets off on an epic journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal pet reindeer,
and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have
inadvertently trapped the kingdom in eternal winter.
Theatrical release poster
9.
The Red
Shoes: It is a fairy tale by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen. Andersen
explained the origins of the story in an incident he witnessed as a small
child. By his report, his father was sent a piece of red silk by a rich lady
customer, to make a pair of dancing slippers for her daughter. Using red
leather along with the silk, he worked very carefully on the shoes, only to
have the rich lady tell him they were trash. She said he had done nothing but
spoil her silk. "In that case," he said, "I may as well spoil my
leather too," and he cut up the shoes in front of her.
Illustration by Vilhelm
Pedersen
10. The Princess and the Pea: It is a literary fairy
tale by Hans Christian Andersen about a young woman whose royal identity is
established by a test of her physical sensitivity. Andersen had heard the story
as a child, and it likely has its source in folk material, possibly originating
from Sweden, as it is unknown in the Danish oral tradition. Neither "The
Princess and the Pea" nor Andersen's other tales of 1835 were well
received by Danish critics, who disliked their casual, chatty style and their
lack of morals.
1911 Illustration by
Edmund Dulac
11. Bruise: A contusion, commonly known as a bruise,
is a type of hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are
damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep, hemorrhage, or extravasate into the surrounding
interstitial tissues. Bruises, which do not blanch under pressure, can involve
capillaries at the level of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone. Bruises
are not to be confused with other similar-looking lesions primarily
distinguished by their diameter or causation.
Bruise on upper leg
caused by a blunt object
12. Metaphor: It is a figure of speech that refers,
for rhetorical effect, to one thing by mentioning another thing. It may provide
clarity or identify hidden similarities between two ideas. Where a simile
compares two items, a metaphor directly equates them, and does not use
"like" or "as" as does a simile.
13. The Little Mermaid: It is a fairy tale by the
Danish author Hans Christian Andersen about a young mermaid who is willing to
give up her life in the sea and her identity as a mermaid to gain a human soul.
The Little Mermaid and the Prince in an illustration by
Edmund Dulac
14. Lead: The most important structural element of a
story is the lead (also intro or lede in journalism jargon), including the
story's first, or leading, sentence or two, which may or may not form its own
paragraph. The spelling lede (/ˈliːd/, from Early Modern English) is used in
American English, originally to avoid confusion with the printing press type
formerly made from the metal lead or the related typographical term
"leading".
15. –meter: 測量、量化。E.g. thermometer, kilometer, barometer,
hydrometer, etc.
16. Statesman: A political leader whose wisdom,
integrity, etc, win great respect. 政治家
17. Politician: A person who engages in politics out
of a wish for personal gain, as realized by holding a public office. 政客
19. Building Vocabulary for College: It is a
vocabulary worktext that helps students increase their academic vocabulary
through a practical, reinforcing approach that promotes mastery of the words
and word parts studied.
Building Vocabulary for
College
20. 1100 Words You Need to Know: All new words for
students to learn are placed in the context of sentences that have been
selected from well-known novels, plays, poems, newspaper editorials, and TV
broadcasts. Over the years, thousands of students preparing for the SAT and ACT
have relied on previous editions of 1100 Words You Need to Know as an ideal way
to strengthen their word power.
1100 Words You Need to
Know
21. Noboribetsu Marine Park Nixe: It is a popular
theme park focusing on fish, marine mammals, sea creatures and some other animals.
It is combination Danish theme park and aquarium, located near Noboribetsu
Station. The aquarium, one of the largest in northern Japan, is in Castle Nixe,
modeled after a Danish castle (and visible from the station), where you'll see
sharks (from an underwater tunnel), morays, salmon, sturgeon, king crab, giant
octopus, and other sea creatures. More attractions include a touch pool with
small sharks, rays, and horseshoe crabs; a reptile house with snakes, turtles
and lizards; game arcade; the ubiquitous souvenir shops (selling Danish and
aquarium-related gifts); and a handful of kiddie rides. They also have fun
activities and small events like the parade of the king penguins.
Hans Christian Andersen
Statue in Noboribetsu Marine Park Nixe
King penguin parade
22. Silhouette: It is the image of a person, animal,
object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single color, usually black,
with its edges matching the outline of the subject. The interior of a
silhouette is featureless, and the whole is typically presented on a light
background, usually white, or none at all. The silhouette differs from an
outline, which depicts the edge of an object in a linear form, while a
silhouette appears as a solid shape. Silhouette images may be created in any
visual artistic media, but was first used to describe pieces of cut paper,
which were then stuck to a backing in a contrasting colour, and often framed.
The only known
contemporary depiction of Martha Jefferson, wife of Thomas Jefferson.
23. Scandinavia: The term Scandinavia always includes
the mainlands of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Norwegian
dependencies, including Svalbard and Jan Mayen, are usually not seen as a part
of Scandinavia, nor is Danish Greenland. However, the Danish Faroe Islands are
sometimes included, as sometimes are Iceland and Finland, because of their
historical association with the Scandinavian countries and the Scandinavian peoples
and languages. This looser definition almost equates to that of the Nordic
countries. In Nordic languages, only mainland Denmark, Norway and Sweden are
commonly included in the definition of Scandinavia.
Scandinavia
24. Fairy tale: It is a type of short story that
typically features folkloric fantasy characters, such as dwarves, elves, fairies,
giants, gnomes, goblins, mermaids, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually
magic or enchantments. Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk
narratives such as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of
the events described) and explicitly moral tales, including beast fables. The
term is mainly used for stories with origins in European tradition and, at
least in recent centuries, mostly relates to children's literature.
1865 ustration of Tom Thumb and the Giant
25. Enchantment:
A.
The act of
enchanting.
B.
The state of
being enchanted.
C.
Something
that enchants.
26. Salome: She was the daughter of Herod II and
Herodias. She is infamous for demanding and receiving the head of John the
Baptist, according to the New Testament. According to Flavius Josephus's Jewish
Antiquities, Salome was first married to Philip the Tetrarch of Ituraea and
Trakonitis. After Philip's death in 34 AD she married Aristobulus of Chalcis
and became queen of Chalcis and Armenia Minor. They had three children. Three
coins with portraits of Aristobulus and Salome have been found.
Herod's Banquet by Fra
Filippo Lippi
27. Gregorian chant: It is the central tradition of
Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the
western Roman Catholic Church. Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and
central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and
redactions. Although popular legend credits Pope St. Gregory the Great with
inventing Gregorian chant, scholars believe that it arose from a later
Carolingian synthesis of Roman chant and Gallican chant.
The Introit Gaudeamus
omnes, scripted in square notation in the 14th–15th century Graduale Aboense,
honors Henry, patron saint of Finland
28. Happy ending: It is an ending of the plot of a
work of fiction in which almost everything turns out for the best for the
protagonists, their sidekicks, and almost everyone except the villains.
29. Sidekick: A sidekick is a slang expression for a
close companion or colleague (not necessarily in fiction) who is actually, or
generally regarded as, subordinate to the one he accompanies. Some well-known
fictional sidekicks are Don Quixote's Sancho Panza, Sherlock Holmes' Doctor
Watson, The Lone Ranger's Tonto, The Green Hornet's Kato, Shrek's Donkey and
Batman's Robin.
30. Confirmation: In Christianity, Confirmation is
seen as the sealing of the covenant created in Holy Baptism. In some
denominations, Confirmation also bestows full membership in a local
congregation upon the recipient. In others, such as the Roman Catholic Church,
Confirmation "renders the bond with the Church more perfect",
because, while a baptized person is already a member, "reception of the
sacrament of Confirmation is necessary for the completion of baptismal
grace".
A woodcut depicting the confirmation
of Lutheran youth.
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