Week16

English Vocabulary and Etymology:

1.      Saint Francis of Assisi: an Italian Roman Catholic friar and preacher. He founded the men's Order of Friars Minor, the women’s Order of Saint Clare, the Third Order of Saint Francis and the Custody of the Holy Land. Francis is one of the most venerated religious figures in history.

The Stigmata of Saint Francis by Bartolomeo della Gatta

2.      Stigma: Bodily marks, sores, or sensations of pain corresponding in location to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus, believed to be given as divine recognition of devotion.

3.      Saint Peter: one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, leaders of the early Christian Church. The Roman Catholic Church considers him to be the first Pope, ordained by Jesus in the "Rock of My Church" dialogue in Matthew 16:18. The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and associate him with founding the Church of Antioch and later the Church in Rome, but differ about the authority of his various successors in present-day Christianity.

Saint Peter by Peter Paul Rubens shows the saint holding the Keys of Heaven and wearing the pallium

4.      Cardinal: Of foremost importance; paramount.

5.      Hierarchy: Categorization or arrangement of a group of people or things into such ranks or grades.

6.      Red herring: something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important issue.

7.      Snobbish: Of, befitting, or resembling a snob; pretentious.

8.      Lame: Disabled so that movement, especially walking, is difficult or impossible.

9.      Cosmopolitan: Pertinent or common to the whole world

10.  Memorandum: A written record or communication, as in a business office.

11.  Impeachment: To bring formal charges against (a public official) for wrongdoing while in office.

12.  Appropriation: Something appropriated, especially public funds set aside for a specific purpose.

13.  Referendum: The submission of a proposed public measure or actual statute to a direct popular vote.

14.  Controversial: Of, producing, or marked by controversy.

15.  Laissez-faire: an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government interference such as regulations, privileges, tariffs, and subsidies.

16.  Boycott: an act of voluntarily abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest, usually for social or political reasons. Sometimes, it can be a form of consumer activism.

17.  Stephen Crane: an American poet, novelist, and short story writer. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.

Formal portrait of Stephen Crane taken in Washington, D.C., about March 1896

18.  mega-: large

ex. megabytes, megalith, megaphone

19.  hyper-: above, excessive, too much

ex. hypermilitant, hypertension, hyperactive

20.  hypo-: under, less

ex. hyposensitize, hypodermic, hypotension